How is cardiolipin useful in mitochondria?
It is now widely accepted that cardiolipin plays a central role in mitochondrial metabolism, by maintaining the proper architecture and morphology of the mitochondrial membranes and by regulating the activity of a variety of proteins and enzymes involved in mitochondrial function.
What is the function of the mitochondrial membrane?
Consequently, the inner mitochondrial membrane is the functional barrier to the passage of small molecules between the cytosol and the matrix and maintains the proton gradient that drives oxidative phosphorylation.
What is the function of mitochondrial protein?
Mitochondrial proteins are proteins that reside within the mitochondria of cells, including within the cristae of the inner mitochondrial membrane. Mitochondrial proteins are generally involved in mitochondrial function, including carrying out reactions of the electron transport chain.
Why is called cardiolipin?
It can also be found in the membranes of most bacteria. The name “cardiolipin” is derived from the fact that it was first found in animal hearts. It was first isolated from beef heart in the early 1940s.
Where are cardiolipins found?
The phospholipid cardiolipin (CL) is a hallmark lipid of mitochondria and almost exclusively found in mitochondrial membranes (Pangborn, 1945). CL is predominantly located in the inner membrane and associated to many mitochondrial functions (see below).
Which part of mitochondria produces ATP?
Most ATPs are produced by oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria. The electron transport system is present in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
What are the parts of mitochondria and its function?
The parts of the mitochondria are the outer membrane, intermembrane space, inner membrane, and matrix. The mitochondria function to produce the chemical energy required to fuel biochemical reactions in the cell.
Where is cardiolipin found in mitochondria?
inner membrane
The phospholipid cardiolipin (CL) is a hallmark lipid of mitochondria and almost exclusively found in mitochondrial membranes (Pangborn, 1945). CL is predominantly located in the inner membrane and associated to many mitochondrial functions (see below).
Is cardiolipin an enzyme?
It is the last enzyme in the respiratory electron transport chain located in the inner mitochondrial or bacterial membrane. It receives an electron from each of four cytochrome c molecules, and transfers them to one oxygen molecule, converting molecular oxygen to two molecules of water.
What are the unique features of cardiolipin?
Cardiolipin (CL) is a unique dimeric phospholipid that exists almost exclusively in the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) in eukaryotic cells. Two chiral carbons and four fatty acyl chains in CL result in a flexible body allowing interactions with respiratory chain complexes and mitochondrial substrate carriers.
Which part of mitochondria help generate enough energy?
In the matrix of mitochondria the reactions known as the citric acid or Krebs cycle produce a chemical called NADH. NADH is then used by enzymes embedded in the mitochondrial inner membrane to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In ATP the energy is stored in the form of chemical bonds.