Why is OCT4 SOX2 and Nanog important for pluripotency?
[18] As transcription factors NANOG, OCT4 and SOX2 play a crucial role in preservation of pluripotency and self-renewal capacity of ESCs and adult stem cells, recently these factors have drawn the attention of many researchers to endeavor their potential role in oral cancer initiation.
Is SOX2 a cell reprogramming factor?
Furthermore, Sox2 plays an essential role in somatic cell reprogramming, reversing the epigenetic configuration of differentiated cells back to a pluripotent embryonic state.
What is OCT4 SOX2?
Abstract. The transcription factors OCT4 and SOX2 are required for generating induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and for maintaining embryonic stem cells (ESCs). OCT4 and SOX2 associate and bind to DNA in different configurations depending on the arrangement of their individual DNA binding elements.
What is OCT4 and Nanog?
Oct4 and Nanog are two important regulators in the maintenance of pluripotency in ES cells, targeting a core set of 345 genes (Fig. 3b). Among these genes, 30 of them encode known or putative DNA-binding regulators, including key genes Pou5f1, Sox2 and Nanog.
What is the importance of OCT4?
Oct4 mainly functions through the activation of pluripotency-associated and self-renewal-associated genes, while simultaneously repressing genes that promote differentiation, in coordination with other pluripotency factors and coregulators.
Is SOX2 a transcription factor?
SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 2, also known as SOX2, is a transcription factor that is essential for maintaining self-renewal, or pluripotency, of undifferentiated embryonic stem cells. Sox2 has a critical role in maintenance of embryonic and neural stem cells.
What is the function of SOX2?
The SOX2 gene provides instructions for making a protein that plays a critical role in the formation of many different tissues and organs during embryonic development. The SOX2 protein is especially important for the development of the eyes.
Is Sox2 a protein?
Sox2 is a member of the Sox family of transcription factors, which have been shown to play key roles in many stages of mammalian development. This protein family shares highly conserved DNA binding domains known as HMG (High-mobility group) box domains containing approximately 80 amino acids.
What do they do with stem cells?
These stem cells are manipulated to specialize into specific types of cells, such as heart muscle cells, blood cells or nerve cells. The specialized cells can then be implanted into a person. For example, if the person has heart disease, the cells could be injected into the heart muscle.
What is OCT4 a marker for?
Oct-4 is a homeodomain transcription factor of the POU family. It is critically involved in the self-renewal of undifferentiated embryonic stem cells. As such, it is frequently used as a marker for undifferentiated cells.
What is Oct4 and Nanog?
What is SOX2 a marker for?
SOX2 is a marker for NCSs both during development and in the adult brain (Ellis et al., 2004; Suh et al., 2007) and is essential for the viability of NSCs both in vivo and in vitro (Favaro et al., 2009) (our unpublished observations).
Can NR5A2 replace Oct4 in reprogramming of murine somatic cells?
Heng, J. C. et al. The nuclear receptor Nr5a2 can replace Oct4 in the reprogramming of murine somatic cells to pluripotent cells. Cell Stem Cell 6, 167–174 (2010).
Does Sox2 co-occupy distal enhancer elements with distinct Pou factors?
Lodato, M. A. et al. SOX2 co-occupies distal enhancer elements with distinct POU factors in ESCs and NPCs to specify cell state. PLoS Genet 9, e1003288 (2013).
What is the difference between Oct4 and Oct6 for reprogramming?
Although Oct4 and Oct6 are functionally interchangeable for inducing human pluripotency, OCT6-mediated reprogramming is significantly slower and less efficient than that mediated by OCT4 32.
What is the effect of sumoylation on the stability of Oct4?
Wei, F., Scholer, H. R. & Atchison, M. L. Sumoylation of Oct4 enhances its stability, DNA binding, and transactivation. J. Biol. Chem. 282, 21551–21560 (2007).