What is the supraorbital sulcus?
The supra-orbital foramen (Sulcus supraorbitalis) is a path for vessels and nerves from the orbit to the superficial region of the forehead. In Equidae, their exit is done laterally, near the thin base of the zygomatic process.
What is the function of the supraorbital torus?
The supraorbital torus (or brow ridge) is a very distinctive morphological trait in most of our hominin ancestors. What purpose does this feature serve? A few hypotheses around this topic are: Dissipation of heavy chewing forces, produced by the jaw muscles and transmitted around the nose and the eye sockets.
What species has a supraorbital sulcus?
The hominins Praeanthropus, Australopithecus, the “garhi group,” species within Paranthropus and Kenyanthropus, are defined by intermediate development of a supraorbital sulcus (= 2) (see Strait et al., 1997; Asfaw et al., 1999; M.G.
Where is the supraorbital torus?
The supraciliary arches occupy the medial third of the bony region just over each orbit. These arches are bordered laterally by the supraorbital sulci, diagonal grooves in the bone of the forehead that begin near the top center of each eye socket and extend upward and outward.
Do humans have supraorbital torus?
The closest living relatives of humans, the great apes and especially gorillas or chimpanzees, have a very pronounced supraorbital ridge, which has also been called a frontal torus while in modern humans and orangutans it is relatively reduced.
Can you feel your Supraorbital notch?
The supraorbital nerve extends from the frontal nerve, which also divides into the supratrochlear nerve. Each supraorbital nerve emerges from the notch you can feel along the rim of the frontal bone by your eyebrow.
What causes brow ridge to grow?
Causes of Frontal Bossing They can be hormonal disorders, genetic or inherited syndromes, or others. A common cause of frontal bossing is acromegaly, which is a hormonal disorder caused when the pituitary gland releases too much growth hormone.
What is the bone above your eyebrow called?
The glabella – the part of the os frontale that lies between the eyebrows – ends at the top of the nasal bones. The frontal bone is thicker at the eyebrows and this is usually more pronounced in male skulls.
Why do I have a Neanderthal forehead?
People with two Neanderthal genes have heads that are flatter on top and more elongated – like those of Neanderthals themselves. The effect is too small to be seen with the naked eye, but shows up on brain scans.
Why does my Supraorbital notch hurt?
If there is damage to the supraorbital nerve, you may experience supraorbital neuralgia with pain above your eyebrow, possibly even extending to the scalp. This can be the result of trauma, infection, tumor, or even inadvertent constriction of the nerve.
Why does the bone above my eyebrow hurt?
Frontal sinusitis can cause pain just above your eyebrows, and your forehead may be tender to touch. Maxillary sinusitis can cause your upper jaw, teeth and cheeks to ache and may be mistaken for toothache. Ethmoid sinusitis can cause pain around your eyes and the sides of your nose.
What is the supraorbital torus in hominins?
The supraorbital torus in hominins. The supraorbital torus (or brow ridge) is a very distinctive morphological trait in most of our hominin ancestors.
What is the thickest supraorbital torus in the world?
Bodo has a very thick supraorbital torus, but with a little gap in the glabella region, thus not a continuous bar across the top but rather a double-arched supraorbital torus. Kabwe may be the largest supraorbital torus in the Pleistocene record. It thins slightly as it goes laterally.
Does the supraorbital region play a significant role in social communication?
As browridge morphology in this fossil is not driven by spatial and mechanical requirements alone, the role of the supraorbital region in social communication is a potentially significant factor.
Why don’t modern humans have a pronounced supraorbital ridge?
Why anatomically modern humans lack a pronounced supraorbital ridge while our Middle Pleistocene ancestors possessed one is an unresolved debate, with the focus on structural and mechanical rather than social signalling roles.