What is the MDR in MDR-TB?
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a form of tuberculosis (TB) infection caused by bacteria that are resistant to treatment with at least two of the most powerful first-line anti-TB medications (drugs), isoniazid and rifampin.
What is MDR-TB PDF?
Multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) is caused by organisms that are resistant to the most effective anti-TB drugs (isoniazid and rifampicin). MDR-TB results from either infection with organisms which are already drug-resistant or may develop in the course of a patient’s treatment.
Who MDR tuberculosis guidelines?
The WHO recommends two types of standardized MDR-TB treatment regimens (longer and shorter regimens) [2]. They differ in drug combination as well as in duration. Treatment with the longer regimen is suggested for 18 to 20 months (at least 15 to 17 months after culture conversion), and oral regimens are preferred.
When did MDR-TB emerge?
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) is caused by bacteria resistant to isoniazid and rifampicin, the two most effective first-line anti-TB drugs, originally developed and introduced in the 1950s and 1960s.
Why is it called 99 dots?
As there are more chances of TB infection for those with HIC, daily supply of FDC, against thrice a week, has been introduced under the 99 DOTS (Directly Observed Treatment, Short-Course) scheme. The scheme is called 99 DOTS because it has 99% chances of cure of the patients taking the medical course.
What is MDR-TB PPT?
Definition of MDR – TB MDR-TB caused by strains of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis resistant both Rifampicin and Isoniazid with or without resistance to other drugs. Single Isoniazid or Rifampicin resistance is not MDR – TB MDR TB is a laboratory diagnosis, Not a Clinical assumption Dr.T.V.Rao MD 7.
How do you calculate MDR-TB?
Drug resistance can be detected using special laboratory tests which test the bacteria for sensitivity to the drugs or detect resistance patterns. These tests can be molecular in type (such as Xpert MTB/RIF) or else culture-based.
What are the MDR-TB suspect criteria?
A confirmed MDR TB case is an MDR TB suspect who is sputum culture positive and whose TB is due to bacilli that are resistant in-vitro to at least isoniazid and rifampicin (the DST result being from an RNTCP accredited IRL).
What is MDR full form?
Multiple Drug Resistant is the full form of MDR.
What is Nikshay TB?
NIKSHAY (www.nikshay.gov.in) is a web enabled application, which facilitates monitoring of universal access to TB patients data by all concerned.
What is Jeet project?
Joint Effort for Elimination of Tuberculosis (JEET) is the largest private health sector engagement initiative for tuberculosis (TB) ever to be carried out in India.
What is India doing about MDR TB?
Keshavjee also noted that MDR TB is a highly complex problem and that India is attempting to incorporate a complex health intervention into a health system that needs strengthening at multiple levels. Involvement of the private sector is being sought to make these efforts more feasible (see the next sectionand Chapter 7).
What is the success rate of MDR tuberculosis treatment?
Earlier diagnosis and treatment could boost cure rates, said Sachdeva, but globally the treatment success rate for MDR TB is only about 60–65 percent. Salmaan Keshavjee, Harvard Medical School, observed that a high failure rate probably points to strains that are more resistant than is commonly held.
What is multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB)?
Multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) is defined by resistance to the two most commonly used drugs in the current four-drug (or first-line) regimen, isoniazid and rifampin. WHO treatment standards require that at least four drugs be used to treat TB in order to avoid the development of further resistance.
Is community-based MDR TB treatment an alternative model of treatment?
Community-based MDR TB treatment is being implemented as an alternative model of treatment. Data from the RNTCP from 2007 to 2010 indicate that the majority of MDR TB cases were undiagnosed in India. Drug-resistant TB has existed in India virtually since anti-TB drugs were introduced into the country.