What is the function of oligodendrocytes cells?
Oligodendrocytes are the myelinating glia of the central nervous system. Myelination of axons allows rapid saltatory conduction of nerve impulses and contributes to axonal integrity.
What type of cells are oligodendrocytes?
Oligodendrocytes are specialized glial cells that wrap themselves around neurons present in the CNS. Oligodendrocytes are primarily responsible for maintenance and generation of the myelin sheath that surrounds axons. They also participate in axonal regulation and the sculpting of higher order neuronal circuits [51].
Why are oligodendrocytes called oligodendrocytes?
Oligodendrocytes (from Greek ‘cells with a few branches’), or oligodendroglia, are a type of neuroglia whose main functions are to provide support and insulation to axons in the central nervous system of some vertebrates, equivalent to the function performed by Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system.
What are Neuroglea cells?
Neuroglia are a large class of neural cells of ectodermal (astroglia, oligodendroglia, and peripheral glial cells) and mesodermal (microglia) origin. Neuroglial cells provide homeostatic support, protection, and defense to the nervous tissue.
What are Oligodendroglia cells?
Oligodendrocytes are the myelinating cells of the central nervous system (CNS). They are the end product of a cell lineage which has to undergo a complex and precisely timed program of proliferation, migration, differentiation, and myelination to finally produce the insulating sheath of axons.
What is the most important function of the oligodendrocytes quizlet?
Their main functions are to provide support and insulation to axons in the central nervous system of some vertebrates, equivalent to the function performed by Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system. Oligodendrocytes do this by creating the myelin sheath, which is 80% lipid and 20% protein.
Where do you find oligodendrocytes?
the central nervous system
oligodendrocyte, a type of neuroglia found in the central nervous system of invertebrates and vertebrates that functions to produce myelin, an insulating sheath on the axons of nerve fibres.
What is the structure of oligodendrocytes?
Oligodendrocytes are the glial cells having a cell body and cellular processes. As evident from the name, oligodendrocytes (oligo=a few) have a small number of processes coming out of the cell body. These cells have a small cell body that contains a spherical nucleus. Other organelles are sparse in these cells.
What are the 4 types of glial cells?
The total glial cell population can be subdivided into four major groups: (1) microglia, (2) astrocytes, (3) oligodendrocytes, and (4) their progenitors NG2-glia.
What are Ranvier’s nodes?
The nodes of Ranvier are characterized by short (1um), specialized regions in the axonal membrane that are not insulated by myelin. Although it is bare of myelin at the node, the axon is in direct contact with the microvilli of the Schwann cells in the PNS, or with processes of astrocytes in the CNS (Figure 1).
Is an oligodendrocyte and Schwann cell?
Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes are two types of glial cells found in the nervous system of higher vertebrates. The main function of both Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes is to insulate the axons of the nerve cells. Both Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes are capable of forming myelin sheaths around the axons.
What is the function of oligodendrocytes quizlet?
Oligodendrocytes ” arms ” wrap around multiple axons to form myelin and are in the CNS. Both cells provide support. The long thing, cylindrical structure that conveys information from the soma of a neuron to its terminal buttons.
What are oligodendrocytes?
Oligodendrocytes are another type of glial cells and these cells are responsible for the myelination of axons in the central nervous system (CNS). There is recent evidence that oligodendrocytes could also play an important role in ALS (for a review:).
How do you identify oligodendrocyte precursors?
Precursors and both mature types are typically identified by their expression of the transcription factor OLIG2. Most oligodendrocytes develop during embryogenesis and early postnatal life from restricted periventricular germinal regions.
Why are oligodendrocytes particularly vulnerable to oxidative and mitochondrial injury?
As mentioned above, oligodendrocytes are particularly vulnerable to oxidative damage and mitochondrial injury. This is probably reflected by the profound oligodendrocyte damage in certain toxic states, which interfere with mitochondrial function.
What is the difference between oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells?
A single oligodendrocyte can extend its processes to 50 axons, wrapping approximately 1 μm of myelin sheath around each axon; Schwann cells, on the other hand, can wrap around only one axon. Each oligodendrocyte forms one segment of myelin for several adjacent axons.