What is the CT scan findings of patients with TB meningitis?
In tuberculosis meningitis (TBM), contrast-enhanced CT scanning of the brain depicts prominent leptomeningeal and basal cistern enhancement. With ependymitis, linear periventricular enhancement is present. Ventricular dilatation (eg, dilatation of the third and fourth ventricles) due to hydrocephalus is usually seen.
Will a CT scan show active tuberculosis?
Imaging tests If you’ve had a positive skin test, your doctor is likely to order a chest X-ray or a CT scan. This might show white spots in your lungs where your immune system has walled off TB bacteria, or it might reveal changes in your lungs caused by active tuberculosis.
What does tuberculosis look like on CT?
CT features of endobronchially disseminated TB include centrilobular nodules and sharply marginated linear branching opacities (tree-in-bud sign) along with bronchial wall thickening and narrowing. These indicate active disease and correspond to bronchitis of the small airways.
What are the features of tuberculous meningitis?
Tuberculous Meningitis involves the central nervous system. Headaches and behavioral changes may be noticed initially. Fever, headache, a stiff neck, and vomiting may also occur. Symptoms among older children and adults may progress from irritability to confusion, drowsiness, and stupor, possibly leading to coma.
How can meningitis appear on CT scan?
The CT scan is a valuable tool in diagnosing meningitis. The contrast dye that is injected during the test can highlight brain, skull, and sinus inflammation- all complications and signs of meningitis.
What is basal exudates in TB meningitis?
tuberculosis in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) results in pathogenic mechanisms responsible for tuberculous meningitis. The most characteristic pathologic feature of tuberculous meningitis is meningeal inflammation and formation of thick gelatinous exudates in the basal parts of the brain.
How do you diagnose active TB?
There are two kinds of tests used to detect TB bacteria in the body: the TB skin test (TST) and TB blood tests. A positive TB skin test or TB blood test only tells that a person has been infected with TB bacteria.
How do you rule out active TB?
The Mantoux tuberculin skin test (TST) or the TB blood test can be used to test for M. tuberculosis infection. Additional tests are required to confirm TB disease. The Mantoux tuberculin skin test is performed by injecting a small amount of fluid called tuberculin into the skin in the lower part of the arm.
How is primary tuberculosis identified?
AFB smear microscopy and culture. For pulmonary TB, sputum is the most critical sample for laboratory testing. Direct sputum smear microscopy is the most widely used method for diagnosing pulmonary TB and is available in most primary health-care laboratories at the health-center level3,12.
What is differential diagnosis of tuberculosis?
Extra-Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Extra-Pulmonary Location | Differential Diagnosis |
---|---|
Tuberculous Arthrits | Bacterial septic arthritis, pseudogout |
Central Nervous System Tuberculosis | Bacterial meningitis, viral meningitis, encephalitis |
Tuberculosis Peritonitis | Bacterial peritonitis, chronic peritoneal dialysis |
Which of the following is not seen in tuberculous meningitis?
Meningism is absent in a fifth of patients with TB meningitis. Patients may also have focal neurological deficits.
How is TBM diagnosed?
The common basic diagnosis of TBM is based on the typical clinical presentation, neuroimaging characteristics, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination, and comprehensive judgment of the response to anti-TB drug treatment (2).