What is TGF-beta used for?
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is a highly pleiotropic cytokine that plays an important role in wound healing, angiogenesis, immunoregulation and cancer. The cells of the immune system produce the TGF-β1 isoform, which exerts powerful anti-inflammatory functions, and is a master regulator of the immune response.
What does TGF-beta stimulate?
TGF-β as a tumor suppressor TGF-β stimulates various mesenchymal cell types, including fibroblasts; however, it is a potent inhibitor of epithelial, endothelial, neural cells and hematopoietic cells, including immune cells[10].
What is the difference between TGF-beta 1 and 2?
TGF-beta 1 is involved in hematopoiesis and endothelial differentiation; TGF-beta 2 affects development of cardiac, lung, craniofacial, limb, eye, ear, and urogenital systems.
Is TGF-beta a growth factor?
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is a multifunctional cytokine belonging to the transforming growth factor superfamily that includes three different mammalian isoforms (TGF-β 1 to 3, HGNC symbols TGFB1, TGFB2, TGFB3) and many other signaling proteins. TGFB proteins are produced by all white blood cell lineages.
Is TGF beta an oncogene?
TGF-β is a potent proliferation inhibitor of normal colon epithelial cells and acts as a tumor suppressor. However, TGF-β also promotes invasion and metastasis during late-stage CRC, thereby acting as an oncogene.
Is TGF beta anti inflammatory?
These studies show that TGF-β functions as an anti-inflammatory cytokine in cell types that are also present in atherosclerotic plaques. TGF-β is also known to be an important fibrotic cytokine that plays an important role in matrix remodeling and collagen synthesis.
What is the role of TGF-β in the development of Marfan syndrome?
TGF-β joins to its dimer receptor forming a complex which induces the phosphorylation cascade [16]. Another mutation in the TGF-β binding receptor 2 (TGFBR2) gene causes failure in signaling pathways and results in the development of a Marfan-like syndrome called Marfan type II [16].