What is an example of negative face?
One’s negative face is a neglection of all factors which represent a threat towards individual rights. One popular example is the freedom of speech, which includes one’s need not to be interrupted by others while speaking.
What is a negative face-threatening act?
A Face-threatening Act (FTA) is an act (linguistic or non-linguistic) that threatens someone’s positive or negative face. It may be bald or mitigated, and it may be on record or off record.
What is a negative face?
Negative Face- is the need to be independent, to have freedom of action, and not to be imposed on by others. ✦ Positive Face- the need for self-image to be accepted, appreciated and approved of by others. To be treated as a member of the same group and to know that his wants are shared by others.
What is face-threatening situation?
Definition. A face-threatening act (FTA) is an act which challenges the face wants of an interlocutor. According to Brown and Levinson (1987 [1978]), face-threatening acts may threaten either the speaker’s face or the hearer’s face, and they may threaten either positive face or negative face.
What is negative face threatening and positive face threatening acts?
Positive face refers to one’s self-esteem, while negative face refers to one’s freedom to act. These two aspects of face are the basic wants in any social interaction; during any social interaction, cooperation is needed amongst the participants to maintain each other’s face.
What are positive and negative face needs?
Positive face refers to the need to feel accepted and liked by others while negative face describes the will to do what one wants to do with freedom and independence. In daily conversations and in media, language is used to either appeal to face needs or to avoid meeting face needs.
What acts that cause face threatening?
Face Threatening Acts.
What are negative face needs?
There are two types of face needs; positive face needs and negative face needs. Positive face refers to the need to feel accepted and liked by others while negative face describes the will to do what one wants to do with freedom and independence.
When might negative face be appropriate?
should be thought of as desirable’ (p. 101), and negative face as the addressee’s ‘want to have his freedom of action unhindered and his attention unimpeded’ (p. 129).”
Why face-threatening act is important?
Protecting face is important for communicating and behaving successfully with others, even though it may not be accomplished consciously by talk participants. A “face-threatening act” (FTA) is one that would make someone possibly lose face, or damage it in some way.
How can a compliment be a face threatening act?
This is why a compliment to your partner, boyfriend, girlfriend, husband, or wife might be seen as face threatened, because you have to take action to protect the object of the desire that the speaker is talking about. All of these actions, by requiring the hearer to take action and response, threaten negative face.
Why do we use negative politeness?
All of this is done in attempt to avoid imposition on the hearer. Negative politeness is concerned with proceeding towards a goal in the smoothest way and with sensitivity to one’s interlocutors.
What does it mean to avoid a face threatening act?
In everyday interaction between social equals, such bald on record behavior would potentially represent a threat to the other’s face and would generally be avoided. Avoiding a face threatening act is accomplished by face saving acts which use positive or negative politeness strategies.
What kinds of things threaten the positive face of a person?
Any act of blatant non-cooperation, like where someone asks you to pass the salt and you don’t pass the salt, threatens the hearer’s positive face because it suggests that you don’t want their wants to be fulfilled.
How do you use threaten face in a sentence?
Sometimes the whole object of a threat or a dare is to threaten face, but if you want to do these actions and not threaten face, you have to do them politely. Remember the hearer’s positive face is their desire to be liked, to be approved of, and to be wanted by other people.
What is a person’s negative face?
A person’s negative face is the need to be independent, to have freedom of action, and not to be imposed on by others. The world “negative” here doesn’t mean “bad”, it’s just the opposite pole from “positive”.