What causes seizures in hyponatremia?
Severe and rapidly evolving hyponatremia may cause seizures, which are usually generalized tonic-clonic, and generally occur if the plasma sodium concentration rapidly decreases to <115 mEq/L.
Does hyperthyroidism cause hyponatremia?
Conclusions: Severe hypothyroidism may be the cause of hyponatremia. All hypothyroid patients with low serum sodium levels should be evaluated for other causes and superimposed factors of hyponatremia and treated accordingly.
What causes neurological changes in hyponatremia?
When hypoosmolality arises at a rate that exceeds the brain ability to regulate its volume by electrolyte losses, such as in acute hyponatremia (<48 hours), brain edema may occur and the patients can develop severe neurological signs and symptoms, possibly leading to death for brain herniation [7,20].
What are 3 types of hyponatremia?
Hypovolemic hyponatremia: decrease in total body water with greater decrease in total body sodium. Euvolemic hyponatremia: normal body sodium with increase in total body water. Hypervolemic hyponatremia: increase in total body sodium with greater increase in total body water.
Can low sodium trigger seizures?
Low blood sodium is common in older adults, especially those who are hospitalized or living in long-term care facilities. Signs and symptoms of hyponatremia can include altered personality, lethargy and confusion. Severe hyponatremia can cause seizures, coma and even death.
How do seizures treat hyponatremia?
In the setting of severe hyponatremia symptoms, including seizure, the best treatment is an infusion of 3% hypertonic saline until symptoms resolve (SOR: B, based on systematic review of consensus practice guidelines).
Is hyponatremia an endocrine disorder?
Hyponatremia is a common electrolyte abnormality with the potential for significant morbidity and mortality. Endocrine disorders, including adrenal deficiency and hypothyroidism, are uncommon causes of hyponatremia.
Is Low sodium related to thyroid problems?
Patients with moderate to severe hypothyroidism and mainly patients with myxedema may exhibit reduced sodium levels (<135 mmol/L) (3, 4). Thus, hypothyroidism is one of the causes of hyponatremia, and TSH determination is mandatory during the evaluation of patients with reduced serum sodium levels (5, 6, 7).