What are 7 signs of organophosphate poisoning?
[7] An alternate approach to clinical features may be in terms of the time of onset of symptoms. In general, following OP exposure, Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Defecation, Gastric cramps, Emesis (SLUDGE) symptoms occur acutely within minutes to hours.
What are some examples of organophosphates?
Examples of organophosphates include the following: Insecticides – Malathion, parathion, diazinon, fenthion, dichlorvos, chlorpyrifos, ethion. Nerve gases – Soman, sarin, tabun, VX. Ophthalmic agents – Echothiophate, isoflurophate.
Which is the most important drug in the treatment of organophosphate poisoning?
The definitive treatment for organophosphate poisoning is atropine, which competes with acetylcholine at the muscarinic receptors. The initial dose for adults is 2 to 5 mg IV or 0.05 mg/kg IV for children until reaching the adult dose.
Which is irreversible organophosphate?
Organophosphates (OPs) are a group of phosphoric acid ester compounds that upon binding to AChE are hydrolyzed, producing phosphorylation of the AChE active site resulting in irreversible inactivation of AChE.
Why atropine is used in OP poisoning?
Atropine competitively blocks the effects of acetylcholine, including excess acetylcholine due to organophosphorus poisoning, at muscarinic cholinergic receptors on smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, secretory gland cells, and in peripheral autonomic ganglia and the central nervous system.
How do you identify organophosphate poisoning?
Emergency signs of organophosphate poisoning include:
- very narrowed pupils.
- confusion.
- agitation.
- convulsions.
- excessive body secretions, including sweat, saliva, mucus, and tears.
- irregular heartbeat.
- collapse.
- respiratory depression or arrest.
What are OP pesticides?
Organophosphorus insecticides are chemicals used to kill many types of insects. These chemicals account for a large share of all insecticides used in the United States, including those used on food crops. Most home uses of organophosphorus insecticides have been phased out in the United States.
How many organophosphates are there?
Organophosphates (OPs) are a class of insecticides, several of which are highly toxic. Until the 21st century, they were among the most widely used insecticides available. Thirty-six of them are presently registered for use in the United States, and all can potentially cause acute and subacute toxicity.
What is the antidote of atropine?
The antidote to atropine is physostigmine or pilocarpine.
Is atropine an organophosphate?
The mainstays of medical therapy in organophosphate (OP) poisoning include atropine, pralidoxime (2-PAM), and benzodiazepines (eg, diazepam).
Which of the following cholinesterase inhibitors is irreversible?
The phosphorylation of cholinesterase by TEPP (or any other organophosphate) is irreversible.
What is another name for atropine?
n. antidote, counterpoison, antispasmodic, Mydriatic Drug, antispasmodic agent, mydriatic, toxicant, poison, poisonous substance, spasmolytic, alkaloid.