What makes up the body of the Scottie dog?
The posterior elements of the vertebrae form the impression of a Scottie dog. The nose of the dog is the transverse process, the eye is the pedicle, the neck is the pars interarticularis, the front leg is the inferior articular facet, and the ear is the superior articular facet [2].
What anatomy is demonstrated by the neck of the Scottie dog?
The Scottie dog sign (often seen spelled Scotty but Scottie is the correct spelling) refers to the normal appearance of the lumbar spine when seen on oblique radiographic projection.
What is spondylolysis?
Spondylolysis is a stress fracture through the pars interarticularis of the lumbar vertebrae. The pars interarticularis is a thin bone segment joining two vertebrae. It is the most likely area to be affected by repetitive stress. This condition is fairly common and is found in one out of every 20 people.
What is the lamina and pedicle?
The pedicle is a stub of bone that connects the lamina to the vertebral body to form the vertebral arch. Two short, stout processes extend from the sides of the vertebral body and joins with broad flat plates of bone (laminae) to form a hollow archway that protects the spinal cord.
What are Z joints?
The facet joints (or zygapophysial joints, zygapophyseal, apophyseal, or Z-joints) are a set of synovial, plane joints between the articular processes of two adjacent vertebrae. There are two facet joints in each spinal motion segment and each facet joint is innervated by the recurrent meningeal nerves.
What is pars Articularis?
The pars interarticularis means the “part between the articulations” in Latin and is the bony bridge that joins these two upper and lower facets. As you remember from geography, an isthmus is a narrow portion of land that joins two larger bodies of land.
What are pars?
The pars interarticularis (pars) lies between the superior and inferior articular process bilaterally at each vertebral level. Anatomically, one can describe the pars as the region between two, one superior and one inferior, zygapophyseal joints.
How do you fix spondylosis?
Treatment
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. While some types of NSAIDs are available over the counter, you may need prescription-strength versions to relieve the pain and inflammation associated with cervical spondylosis.
- Corticosteroids.
- Muscle relaxants.
- Anti-seizure medications.
- Antidepressants.
What is the coccyx?
What is the tailbone/coccyx? Your coccyx is made up of three to five fused vertebrae (bones). It lies beneath the sacrum, a bone structure at the base of your spine. Several tendons, muscles and ligaments connect to it.
What is zygapophyseal joint?
Applied anatomy Zygapophyseal joints are the only synovial joints in the spine, with hyaline cartilage overlying subchondral bone, a synovial membrane and a joint capsule; they comprise the postero-lateral articulation between vertebral levels (Figure 1). The joint space has a potential capacity of 1 to 2 ml.
What is a Scottie dog on radiography?
The Scottie dog sign refers to the normal appearance of the lumbar spine when seen on oblique radiographic projection. On oblique views, the posterior elements of the vertebra form the figure of a Scottie dog with: the pars interarticularis (the portion of the lamina that lies between the facets) equivalent to the neck of the dog.
What does a Scottie look like with spondylolysis?
On oblique views, the posterior elements of the vertebra form the figure of a Scottie dog with: If spondylolysis is present, the pars interarticularis, or the neck of the dog, will have a defect or break. It often looks as if the dog has a collar around the neck (or decapitation for those with a bloodier imagination).
Where are the muscles on a dog’s body?
This is where the dog’s core strength is required. Many of the muscles, especially those on the neck and thorax, are located around the sternum which helps give the dog strength to run and hunt. One of the most important muscles is the masseter muscle. This is located on the head in the area around the cheek.
What are muscle cramps (Scottish Terriers)?
What is Muscle Cramps (Scottish Terriers)? Scottie cramp is a hereditary condition found in Scottish terriers and very occasionally in Cesky terriers. Affected dogs will exhibit muscle hypertonicity in response to certain stimuli, usually a combination of exercise and excitement.