What is the pathophysiology of gastric carcinoma?
Gastric cancer consists of two pathological variants, intestinal and diffuse. The intestinal-type is the end-result of an inflammatory process that progresses from chronic gastritis to atrophic gastritis and finally to intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia.
What is the most common type of gastric carcinoma?
Adenocarcinomas. Most cancers of the stomach (about 90% to 95%) are adenocarcinomas. These cancers develop from the gland cells in the innermost lining of the stomach (the mucosa). If you are told you have stomach cancer (or gastric cancer), it will almost always be an adenocarcinoma.
What is histology for gastric cancer?
Histologically, it is characterized by epithelial projections scaffolded by a central fibrovascular core. Mucinous adenocarcinoma accounts for 10% of gastric carcinoma. Histologically it is characterized by extracellular mucinous pools which constitute at least 50% of tumor volume (Figure 2).
How is gastric carcinoma detected?
Upper endoscopy (also called esophagogastroduodenoscopy or EGD) is the test most often done if the doctor thinks you might have stomach cancer. During this test, the doctor passes an endoscope, which is a thin, flexible, lighted tube with a small video camera on the end, down your throat.
What is the pathophysiology of gastritis?
Pathogenesis. The continuous mucosal injury due to long-standing H. pylori infection, leads to atrophy of stomach. This continuous pathological process results in erosion or ulceration of the mucosa leading to the destruction of the glandular layer and followed by fibrous replacement.
What is the pathophysiology of gastric ulcer?
The pathophysiology of gastric ulcer development depends on the insult. Since about 80 to 90% of gastric ulcers result from either Helicobacter pylori and/or NSAID use, a detailed discussion will focus on each in detail. NSAID medications are the other most common etiology causing gastric ulcers.
What is the most common location for gastric carcinoma?
These results are similar to those of a previous Korean study of gastric cancers which revealed that gastric cancer is most commonly located in the lower third (56.0%) of the stomach [15]. In a study performed in the USA, 32.2% of all EGCs were located in the antrum.
Is gastric adenocarcinoma aggressive?
This aggressive cancer grows rapidly in the cells of the stomach wall. It doesn’t form a mass or a tumor, so it can be challenging to diagnose. It tends to start in younger people with a family history of the disease or a related genetic syndrome.
What are the two major histological types of gastric carcinoma?
THE TWO HISTOLOGICAL MAIN TYPES OF GASTRIC CARCINOMA: DIFFUSE AND SO-CALLED INTESTINAL-TYPE CARCINOMA.
What are types of gastric cancer?
The most common is called adenocarcinoma, which accounts for about 90-95% of people with stomach cancer. Other types include primary gastric lymphoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), and neuroendocrine (carcinoid) tumors in the stomach.
Can ultrasound detect tumors?
An ultrasound (also known as ultrasonography, sonography, or sonogram) helps doctors look for tumors in certain areas of the body that don’t show up well on x-rays. Doctors often use this procedure to guide a needle during a biopsy.
What is the prognosis of gastric cancer?
The prognosis of patients with gastric cancer is related to tumor extent and includes both nodal involvement and direct tumor extension beyond the gastric wall.[8,9] Tumor grade may also provide some prognostic information. In localized distal gastric cancer, more than 50% of patients can be cured.
What causes gastric cancer?
Abstract. Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) has been proven to improve the survival rate of gastric cancer and reduce peritoneal recurrence.
What is the prognosis for Stage 4 stomach cancer?
The prognosis for stomach cancer graded Stage III or Stage IV declines even further. At these stages, the cancer has often invaded additional lymph nodes and organs, such as the liver. The five-year survival rates range from 4% for a Stage IV diagnosis and 20% for a Stage III diagnosis. Stomach cancer treatment options include surgery.
What are the stages of stomach cancer?
Stages of stomach cancer. stage 1. early or limited cancer. tumours are found only in the stomach wall lining. stages 2-3. locally advanced cancer. tumours have spread deeper into the layers of the stomach and to nearby lymph nodes. stage 4. metastatic or advanced cancer.