What is the median pharyngeal raphe?
The pharyngeal raphe is described traditionally as a straight, continuous, median, fibrous band that provides attachment for and separates each pair of the three. constrictor muscles of the pharynx.
What is the pharyngeal raphe?
The pharyngeal raphe is a midline tendinous seam where the constrictor muscles meet. When the superior constrictor muscle contracts, it constricts the upper portion of the pharynx. The middle constrictor muscle originates from the greater and lesser horn of the hyoid bone and stylohyoid ligament.
Where does the pharyngeal raphe attach?
Two sides of the pharyngeal wall are joined posteriorly in the midline by the raphe. Its superior part is attached to the pharyngeal tubercle; it extends inferiorly to the level of vertebra C6 where it blends with the posterior wall of the esophagus.
What is fibrous raphe?
In general, retinal nerve fibers trace either a superior or an inferior path from their site of origin to the optic nerve head. The line demarcating these two groups of fibers is known as the nerve fiber raphe.
Where is median raphe?
Median raphe cyst is an uncommon anomaly that can develop at any location over the midline of the external genital region from the anus to the scrotum and perineum. This uncommon cystic lesion was first described by Mermet in 1985.
What is raphe made of?
The pterygomandibular raphe, also known as the pterygomandibular ligament, is a fibrous band of the buccopharyngeal fascia extending from the hamulus of the medial pterygoid plate to the mylohyoid ridge of the mandible 1.
Where is the pterygomandibular raphe located?
The pterygomandibular raphe (pterygomandibular ligament) is a ligamentous band of the buccopharyngeal fascia. It is attached superiorly to the pterygoid hamulus of the medial pterygoid plate, and inferiorly to the posterior end of the mylohyoid line of the mandible.
Which muscles of the tongue or the pharynx insert on the median raphe attached to the occipital bone?
The constrictor muscles form the lateral and posterior walls of the pharynx and are attached posteriorly to the median pharyngeal raphe.
What is the horizontal raphe?
The horizontal raphe (HR) was first described in the early 1800s as a horizontal demarcation line that extends from the macula to the temporal Ora dividing the temporal retinal nerve fiber layer into a superior and inferior half [1].
What causes median raphe cyst?
Median raphe cysts are thought to arise from an abnormality in the formation of the urethra whereby embryonic nests persist during invagination and closure of the urogenital folds. Another theory holds they may form from ectopic Littre’s (periurethral) glands.
How are median raphe cysts treated?
The lesions, which are most common near the glans penis, may occur anywhere from the urethral meatus to the anus. Cysts of the median raphe represent defects in the embryologic development of the genitalia and are usually lined by entodermal epithelium. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice.
What does a raphe look like?
The raphe of the penis is a narrow, dark streak or ridge continuous posteriorly with the raphe of the scrotum and extending forward along the midline on the ventral surface of the penis.