What are the two processes of blood circulation?
The pulmonary circuit: This circuit carries blood without oxygen from the heart to the lungs. The pulmonary veins return oxygenated blood to the heart. The systemic circuit: In this circuit, blood with oxygen, nutrients and hormones travels from the heart to the rest of the body.
What is the process of blood vessels?
Capillaries connect the arteries to veins. The arteries deliver the oxygen-rich blood to the capillaries, where the actual exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs. The capillaries then deliver the waste-rich blood to the veins for transport back to the lungs and heart. Veins carry the blood back to the heart.
What is the process of the blood vessel narrowing?
Atherosclerosis, sometimes called “hardening of the arteries,” occurs when fat, cholesterol, and other substances build up in the walls of arteries. These deposits are called plaques. Over time, these plaques can narrow or completely block the arteries and cause problems throughout the body.
What is the process of creating new blood vessels?
Angiogenesis is the growth of blood vessels from the existing vasculature. It occurs throughout life in both health and disease, beginning in utero and continuing on through old age.
What are the two main routes of double circulation?
Aorta: It carries oxygenated blood to the body tissues. Pulmonary Vein: It carries oxygenated blood.
Which of the following occurs during systemic circulation?
Systemic circulation carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle, through the arteries, to the capillaries in the tissues of the body. From the tissue capillaries, the deoxygenated blood returns through a system of veins to the right atrium of the heart.
Which step occurs first in the vascular system?
The first phase is called systole (SISS-tuh-lee). This is when the ventricles contract and pump blood into the aorta and pulmonary artery. During systole, the atrioventricular valves close, creating the first sound (the lub) of a heartbeat.
What happens during systemic circulation?
The systemic circulation provides the functional blood supply to all body tissue. It carries oxygen and nutrients to the cells and picks up carbon dioxide and waste products. Systemic circulation carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle, through the arteries, to the capillaries in the tissues of the body.
What causes constriction of blood vessels?
Normally, the vessels that supply blood to the skin constrict or narrow in response to cold temperatures. This reaction, called “vasoconstriction,” decreases blood flow to the skin, which helps to minimize heat loss from the warm blood and therefore preserve a normal internal or “core” temperature.
What causes narrowing of the blood vessels in the brain?
The narrowing is caused by a buildup and hardening of fatty deposits called plaque. This process is known as atherosclerosis. A stroke occurs when plaque causes the artery to become blocked and that area of the brain is deprived of blood, which damages and kills nerves in the brain.
What is the process of angiogenesis?
Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels. This process involves the migration, growth, and differentiation of endothelial cells, which line the inside wall of blood vessels.
What are the steps in the process of angiogenesis?
Five discrete steps in angiogenesis have been highlighted in this review: 1) Angiogenic switch; 2) Destabilization; 3) Sprouting; 4) Migration, Survival, and Proliferation; and 5) Maturation and Stabilization.
How is blood diverted from other organs?
Blood is diverted from other organs such as the digestive tract and kidneys to meet the needs of the working muscles.
Why do fluids reenter the capillaries at the venous end?
The fluids reenter the capillaries at the venous end because a. the net filtration pressure of the blood is higher at the arterial end than it is at the venous end b. the net filtration pressure of the blood is higher at the venous end than it is at the arterial end
How to place the blood vessel tunics in order?
Place the blood vessel tunics in order from most external to most internal. 1. Tunica externa 2. Tunica media 3. Tunica intima The volume of blood that leaves the ____ must be close to the volume that returns.
How does the sympathetic nervous system affect blood flow?
The sympathetic nervous system can selectively reduce blood flow to the kidneys and digestive tract. The sympathetic nervous system can increase perfusion of the skeletal muscles.