What is the function of paraganglia?
A collection of cells that came from embryonic nervous tissue, and are found near the adrenal glands and some blood vessels and nerves. Most paraganglia secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine.
What hormones do paragangliomas produce?
Paraganglioma cells commonly secrete hormones known as catecholamines, including adrenaline, which is the fight-or-flight hormone. This can cause episodes of high blood pressure, a rapid heartbeat, sweating, headache and tremors. Paraganglioma treatment most often involves surgery to remove the tumor.
What is Paraganglionic tissue?
Paraganglionic tissue of the head and neck is embryologically derived from the neural crest. It develops in the paravertebral region in association with the arterial vessels and cranial nerves of the ontogenetic gill arches and is associated with the autonomic nervous system.
What is zuckerkandl organ?
The Organs of Zuckerkandl. Paraganglia are chromaffin tissue complexes of the neuroendocrine system distributed along the paravertebral and para-aortic axes, extending from the cervical region down to the base of the pelvis [3].
Where are pheochromocytomas found?
Pheochromocytoma is a type of neuroendocrine tumor that grows from cells called chromaffin cells. These cells produce hormones needed for the body and are found in the adrenal glands. The adrenal glands are small organs located in the upper region of the abdomen on top of the kidneys.
What are Chromaffin bodies?
Chromaffin cells are the bodies’ main source of circulating catecholamines (adrenaline, noradrenaline) and endorphins, which are stored in intracellular granules and released in response to stress.
Is paraganglioma a neuroendocrine tumor?
Paraganglioma is a type of neuroendocrine tumor that forms near certain blood vessels and nerves outside of the adrenal glands.
Do paragangliomas secrete epinephrine?
Paragangliomas are neuroendocrine tumors of the autonomic nervous system. Sympathetic paragangliomas generally secrete catecholamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine) and are usually located in the retroperitoneal space, abdomen, or thorax; paragangliomas of the adrenal medulla are commonly called pheochromocytomas.
What is a chromaffin cell?
Listen to pronunciation. (KROH-muh-fin …) A type of cell that makes neurohormones (chemicals that are made by nerve cells and used to send signals to other cells) and releases them into the blood. Chromaffin cells make epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline).
What is Chromaffin reaction?
The freshly cut tumor surface turns dark brown (right half of image) when immersed in potassium dichromate solution (pH between 5 and 6). This is due to oxidation of stored catecholamines synthesized by the tumor and is known as the Chromaffin Reaction.
What hormones are secreted by pheochromocytoma?
Key Points about Pheochromocytomas A pheochromocytoma is a tumor in the adrenal gland. It causes the gland to make too much of the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine. This tumor usually occurs when you are in your 30s, 40s, or 50s. It happens to both men and women.
What is secreted in pheochromocytoma?
Pheochromocytoma is a rare type of tumor that arises in adrenal glands, specifically from certain cells known as chromaffin cells in the center of the adrenal gland called the adrenal medulla. These cells secrete hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine, and the pheochromocytoma continuously overproduces them.