What is a Type 3 odontoid fracture?
A type III odontoid fracture is a fracture through the body of the C2 vertebrae and may involve a variable portion of the C1 and C2 facets. Type III odontoid fractures occur secondary to hyperextension or hyperflexion of the cervical spine in a similar manner to type II odontoid fractures.
How serious is an odontoid fracture?
With odontoid fractures, the most common complication and the most serious is a nonunion of the bones that can lead to an increased mortality rate.
What does the Odontoid do?
The odontoid process lies anterior to the spinal cord and is used as the pivot for the rotation of the head.
What is the treatment for odontoid fracture?
Treatments. Treatment options for type II odontoid fractures can be nonsurgical or surgical. Nonsurgical measures include immobilization, prevent or restrict movement, in a cervical collar or halo vest. Surgery may be required if the fracture has resulted in neurologic symptoms and/or the spine has become unstable.
Is Type 3 Odontoid fracture stable?
1). Type I fractures at the tip of the odontoid are rare and usually stable, type II fractures at the base of the odontoid process are the most common and are inherently unstable, and type III fractures occur through the body of the odontoid process and can be unstable.
What type of Odontoid fracture has the best prognosis for healing?
Type II occurs at the base of the odontoid process and represents the most common fracture type. Type III extends into the body of the axis and has good healing potential.
What bone has the odontoid process?
the axis bone
One of the most prominent features of the axis bone is a superior, tooth-like projection called the odontoid process (or dens). articulates with the anterior arch of the atlas bone, where they form a pivot joint. rotates side-to-side, the atlas bone rotates around the peg-like odontoid process.
What is Odontoid Peg?
The odontoid process (also dens or odontoid peg) is a protuberance (process or projection) of the Axis (second cervical vertebra). It exhibits a slight constriction or neck, where it joins the main body of the vertebra.
Where is the Odontoid bone located?
axis vertebra
The odontoid process, also known as the dens, is an upward projectile of bone that arises from the front part of the center of the axis vertebra. (The axis is the 2nd highest spinal bone.) The atlas is the first bone of your neck; it sits on top of the axis. (The skull sits on top of the atlas.)
What does the word Odontoid mean?
Definition of odontoid process : a toothlike process projecting from the anterior end of the centrum of the axis vertebra on which the atlas vertebra rotates.
Is Type 3 dens fracture stable?
(B) Type II odontoid fracture is a fracture at the base of the dens. This is the most common type of odontoid fracture. (C) With type III odontoid fracture, the fracture line extends into the body of the axis. (A) Simple wedge fracture with a flexion mechanism of injury is stable.
What does odontoid process mean?
What is a Type 3 hiatal hernia?
Types III and IV constitute approximately 5% of all hiatal hernias [1]. Type III represents a mixed type in which the abdominal esophagus as well as the gastric cardia and fundus protrude into the thorax through pathologically widened esophageal hiatus.
What type of hernia is a hiatal hernia?
In this type, the stomach intermittently slides up into the chest through a small opening in the diaphragm. Type II, III and IV hiatal hernias are called paraesophageal hernias. They occur when a portion of the stomach pushes up into the chest adjacent to the esophagus and may require a thoracic surgeon.
What is the latest on hiatal hernia diagnosis and management?
The most recent guideline regarding the management of hiatal hernia was released by the Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES) in the year 2013. This review aims to present the most recent updates on the diagnosis and management of hiatal hernia for clinical practitioners.
What is a type 1 hernia?
Type I (sliding hiatal hernia): A portion of the stomach slides in and out of the hiatus. This type is the most common and usually causes gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). GERD occurs when the esophageal sphincter does not close properly and causes acid reflux. The esophageal sphincter is the lower muscle of the esophagus.