What does costophrenic angle mean?
In anatomy, the costophrenic angles are the places where the diaphragm (-phrenic) meets the ribs (costo-). Each costophrenic angle can normally be seen as on chest x-ray as a sharply-pointed, downward indentation (dark) between each hemi-diaphragm (white) and the adjacent chest wall (white).
What is normal costophrenic angle?
Costophrenic (CP) angle or the costodiaphragmatic recess is one of the review areas in reading a chest radiograph systematically. Normally, the CP angle is acute and sharp. Normal CP angle measures approximately 30°.
What is the importance of costophrenic angle?
On a frontal chest X-ray the costophrenic angles should form acute angles which are sharp to a point. Costophrenic “blunting” is often due to the presence of a pleural effusion, but it can also be related to other pleural disease or lung disease. Lung hyperexpansion can also lead to blunting of the costophrenic angles.
Where is the Cardiophrenic angle?
The cardiophrenic angle is the angle between the heart and the diaphragm, as seen on imaging (most commonly X-ray). There are two cardiophrenic angles, however the one on the right is obscured by the cardiohepatic angle (the angle between the heart and liver).
What causes Costophrenic?
Blunting of the costophrenic angles is usually caused by a pleural effusion, as already discussed. Other causes of costophrenic angle blunting include lung disease in the region of the costophrenic angle, and lung hyperexpansion.
How is a pleural effusion diagnosed?
The tests most commonly used to diagnose and evaluate pleural effusion include: Chest x-ray. Computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest. Ultrasound of the chest.
How do you confirm pleural effusion?
How is pleural effusion diagnosed?
- Chest x-ray.
- Computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest.
- Ultrasound of the chest.
- Thoracentesis (a needle is inserted between the ribs to remove a biopsy, or sample of fluid)
- Pleural fluid analysis (an examination of the fluid removed from the pleura space)
How do you measure Costophrenic angles?
Costophrenic angle measurement is performed on these patches by tracing the contours along the lung segmen- tations. These correspond to the hemidiaphragm and the lateral chest wall.
What is a cardiophrenic lymph node?
Cardiophrenic lymph nodes were defined as those lymph nodes located anterior to the pericardium and within 2 cm of the diaphragm.
What is cardiophrenic space?
The cardiophrenic space is situated in the most basal region of the mediastinum and is bordered by the base of the heart, diaphragm, and chest wall. Under normal conditions, the cardiophrenic space is occupied by fat (,Fig 1,).