What is the pathogenesis of nephrotic syndrome?
The nephrotic syndrome is a distinct abnormal clinical and biochemical entity characterized by edema, massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia and hypoproteinemia, and hyperlipemia and hypercholesterolemia. Hematuria, hypertension, or azotemia may or may not be present.
What are the four types of nephrotic syndrome?
Nephrotic syndrome is usually caused by damage to the clusters of tiny blood vessels (glomeruli) of your kidneys….Many possible causes
- Diabetic kidney disease.
- Minimal change disease.
- Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.
- Membranous nephropathy.
- Systemic lupus erythematosus.
What is the main pathogenic mechanism of edema in nephrotic syndrome?
Abstract. The development of edema in the nephrotic syndrome has traditionally been viewed as an underfill mechanism. According to this view, urinary loss of protein results in hypoalbuminemia and decreased plasma oncotic pressure.
What is nephrotic syndrome Type 2?
Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome type 2 is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized clinically by childhood onset of proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema.
What are the causes of nephritic syndrome?
There are many conditions that may cause nephritic syndrome, and it can occur in people of all ages. Common causes are infections, immune system disorders and inflammation of the blood vessels. The main symptoms are passing less urine than normal, leading to a fluid buildup in the body, and having blood in the urine.
What is primary nephrotic syndrome?
Primary causes of nephrotic syndrome are diseases that affect only the kidneys. The most common primary cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults is a disease called focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). The only way to know for sure whether you have FSGS is to get a kidney biopsy.
What are the 5 stages of kidney failure?
Five stages of chronic kidney disease
- Stage 1 with normal or high GFR (GFR > 90 mL/min)
- Stage 2 Mild CKD (GFR = 60-89 mL/min)
- Stage 3A Moderate CKD (GFR = 45-59 mL/min)
- Stage 3B Moderate CKD (GFR = 30-44 mL/min)
- Stage 4 Severe CKD (GFR = 15-29 mL/min)
- Stage 5 End Stage CKD (GFR <15 mL/min)
What are the types of edema?
Types
- Peripheral edema: This affects the feet, ankles, legs, hands, and arms.
- Pulmonary edema: This occurs when excess fluid collects in the lungs, making breathing difficult.
- Cerebral edema: This occurs in the brain.
- Macular edema: This is a serious complication of diabetic retinopathy.
What is the difference between nephritic syndrome and nephrotic syndrome?
Both nephritis and nephrosis are among the body’s responses to injury or illness affecting the kidneys. Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by severe proteinuria, i.e. high amounts of protein, including albumin, in the urine, while nephritic syndrome’s major feature is inflammation.
What is Finnish type congenital nephrotic syndrome?
Congenital nephrotic syndrome Finnish type is a genetic condition of the kidney that begins early in development during pregnancy or within the first three months of life.
What is Galloway Mowat syndrome?
Galloway-Mowat syndrome is an extremely rare genetic disorder that is characterized by a variety of physical and developmental abnormalities, particularly neurological abnormalities and early onset progressive kidney disease.